![]() Plast Reconstr Surg 123(1):44–54Įlghamry AH (2014) The medial gastrocnemius muscle with an achilles tendon sheath extension flap as a versatile myo-tendon sheath flap for coverage of the upper two-thirds of the tibia and pre-tibial area: a preliminary report. Muscle Nerve 49(3):413–421īuckland A, Pan WR et al (2009) Neurovascular anatomy of sartorius muscle flaps: implications for local transposition and facial reanimation. Muscle Nerve 45(4):522–526īeretta Piccoli M, Rainoldi A et al (2014) Innervation zone locations in 43 superficial muscles: toward a standardization of electrode positioning. J Wound Care 22(11):638–640Īn X, Yue B et al (2012) Intramuscular distribution of the phrenic nerve in human diaphragm as shown by Sihler staining. These findings might provide guidance for clinicians for muscle reconstruction surgery.Īhmad I, Akhtar S et al (2013) Hemisoleus muscle flap in the reconstruction of exposed bones in the lower limb. Our modified Sihler’s staining method is useful for research of large muscles and intramuscular nerves in human. (3) Type 3: multiple branch pattern (such as the tibialis anterior, fibularis longus, gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis anterior and popliteus). (2) Type 2: double nerve pattern, one being proximal and the other being distal (such as the extensor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus). ResultsĪfter the staining, we found four patterns of nerve distribution in human lower leg muscles: (1) Type 1: single nerve pattern in which the nerve branches into two either running parallel to each other or radiating in a spray pattern (such as the extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis brevis and flexor hallucis longus). Data were analyzed according to research results. The specimens were then stained by further modified Sihler’s staining technique. ![]() The muscle specimens were classified according to Lim’s classification. Sixteen lower leg from eight fresh adult cadavers were used in this study and all the skeletal muscles were dissected. ![]() This study aims to investigate nerve distribution patterns of human lower leg skeletal muscles using a modified Sihler’s staining method. ![]()
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